Direct Indirect Future Tense And speech

Direct Indirect Future Tense

Words spoken by a person can be reported to another person in two ways. These two ways of narration are called direct speech and indirect speech.

Direct speech

When we use direct speech we quote the actual words said by the speaker.

Examples are:

She said, ‘I am going to the market.’

John said, ‘I will be late today.’

Alice said, ‘Would you like to come with me?’

Indirect speech

When we use indirect speech, we do not quote the exact words said by the speaker. Instead, we express the idea in our own words.

In order to report the words of the original speaker in our own language, we have to make several changes in his/her sentence. The important rules are given below:

When the reporting verb is in the past tense

When the reporting verb is in the past tense, all present tenses inside the quotation marks will change to their corresponding past tenses.

The simple present tense will change into the simple past tense.

The present continuous tense will change into the past continuous tense.

The present perfect tense will change into the past perfect tense.

The present perfect continuous tense will change into the past perfect continuous tense.

Direct: sHe said, ‘I am unwell.’

Here the reporting verb (said) is in the past tense. To change this sentence into indirect speech, we have to change the present tense(s) inside the quotation marks into their corresponding past tenses.

Indirect: sHe said that he was unwell.

Rules regarding change in tenses

When the reporting verb is in the present or future tense

If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the verb in the direct speech does not undergo any changes in the indirect speech.

he says, ‘I have done my duty.’ (Direct speech)

he says that she has done her duty. (Indirect speech)

Direct: sHe says to her, ‘I will wait for you at the railway station.’

Indirect: sHe tells her that he will wait for her at the railway station.

Direct: sHe says, ‘I am not coming.’

Indirect: sHe says that he is not coming.

Direct: he will say, ‘I don’t want to come.’

Indirect: he will say that she does not want to come.

Direct: sHe will say, ‘I cannot wait any longer.’

Indirect: sHe will say that he cannot wait any longer.

Future Tense

Future Tense atau Simple Future digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang Akan Terjadi. Future tense adalah tentang Nanti. Sesuatu arti katanya Future yaitu “Masa Depan”. Karena itu dalam Future Tense penggunaan kata Will, Shall yang artinya akan pastilah mendominasi.

Masih ingat pembagian Tenses dalam garis besar kan? Yes, ada 3 besar Tenses yaitu: Past, Present dan Future (Dulu, Kini, Nanti).

Pegang ini kuat-kuat:

Setiap Future pasti pakai WILL atau SHALL, artinya AKAN. Namun ada juga yang namanya Past Future Tense nanti. Karena Past maka Will dan Shall nya pakai past juga yaitu “Would”, nanti kita pelajari lebih dalam di Past Future Tense. Oh ya, sesudah Will atau Shall atau Would pasilah diikuti bentuk 1 baik itu kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu.

Kembali ke laptop!.

Rumus Future Tense

Positif: S + will + V1

Negatif: S + will + not + V1

Tanya: Will + S + V1

Shall jarang digunakan. Bisanya Shall untuk Subject I dan We (I shall…, We shall….) dan tidak untuk yang lain. Tetapi lebih sering orang pakai I will.. dan We will.. Jadi untuk I dan We boleh pakai baik will atau shall. Sedangkan Subject yang lain seperti HE, SHE, IT, YOU, THEY, WE semuanya pakai Will. Kalau begitu, untuk mempermudah pemahaman saya HANYA akan gunakan WILL saja. Kan “WIL” itu enak toh? Itu tuh yang L nya satu! haha… becanda ya.

Contoh Kalimat Positif dalam Future Tense:

-I will study

-You will swim

-They will visit Tokyo

Silahkan buat sendiri contoh Future Tense versi Anda ya. Buat dalam hati saja, lalu ucapkan sendiri, hehe.. Sengaja contoh saya persimple agar mudah dimengerti.

Past Future Tense

Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang AKAN dilakukan, TETAPI di masa lampau, bukan saat ini.

Belajar Tenses Bahasa Inggris memang muter-muter sekitar WAKTU ini: lampau/dulu (past), kini/sekarang (present), nanti/akan (future). Jadi Past Future kan berarti lampau nanti, lampau akan.

Agar Anda mudah memahami, perhatikan Contoh Kasus berikut ini:

Kemarin teman saya datang ke rumah pagi-pagi jam 7. Terpaksa deh hanya ngobrol sebentar di rumah, karena waktunya mepet banget, waktu itu “saya akan pergi kerja”.

Kita soroti “Akan Pergi Kerja” ini.

Kapan? Yes, kemarin

Akan toh? Yes memang akan tetapi bukan sekarang, kemarin!

Saya kira sampai disini Anda sudah menangkap inti dari Past Future Tense ini ya?

Rumus Past Future Tense

Positif: S + would + V1

Negatif: S + would + not + V1

Tanya: Would + S + V1

Past-nya dimana? Will jadi Would.

Sering sih orang menggunakan “Should”. Untuk memudahkan pemahaman saja maka saya hanya menggunakan Would saja dalam serial pelajaran tenses Past Future Tense ini.

Contoh Kalimat Positif Past Future Tense

-I would go at 7 am when He came to my house yesterday

Contoh berikut dipermudah hanya kalimat intinya saja:

-You would work …

-They would drive home …

-She would learn music …

Bisa Anda berikan contoh lagi?

Yes tentang kapan dipakainya silahkan perhatikan lagi contoh kasus diatas. Masalah rumus-rumus tenses sebenarnya sangat mudah, yang lumayan perlu latihan agar lancar adalah kapan memakai rumus tenses tersebut.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Tense Bahasa Inggris Past Future Perfect Tense mempunyai persamaan pola dengan Future Perfect Tense biasa, perbedaannya hanya pada Past nya saja.

Contoh kasus untuk Past Future Prefect Tense

Kemarin ya, teman saya telepon dan katanya mau ke rumah saya jam 9. Ingat, ini kemarin. Wah waktu itu saya nda bisa terima tamu tuh jam segitu, karena pas jam 9 itu saya akan sedang berenang. Jadwal saya renang kemarin itu 8:30 sampai 10:00. Tetapi kalau jam 11 boleh. Karena jam 11 itu saya AKAN SUDAH berenang. Kapan akan sudah itu? kemarin, Past. Dalam situasi ini kita gunakan Past Future Perfect Tense: “I would have swum at 11 yesterday”.

Rumus Past Future Prefect Tense

Positif: S + would + have + V3

Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3

Tanya: Would + S + have + V3

Contoh Kalimat:

-I would have swum at 11 yesterday

Ingat, kata kerja bentuk-3 dari swim adalah swum (Swim – Swam – Swum).

Biasanya Tense ini, Past Future Perfect Tense ini, sering digunakan untuk berandai-andai. Dulu guru SMA saya bilang ini digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kejadian yang “akan telah terjadi pada masa lampau jika syaratnya terpenuhi”. Contohnya:

-He would have passed the examination If She had learned hard

Mestinya Dia sudah akan lulus jika saja dia telah belajar giat

-We would have arrived on time If we walked faster

Mestinya kita sudah tiba jika saja tadi jalan lebih cepat

Mestinya saya sudah akan dapat duit dari internet jika saja saya telah membuat blog dahsyat! Apa tu bahasa Inggrisnya? hehe..

Sekali waktu jalan-jalan ke blog saya ini ya: Membuat Blog Sukses Spektakuler

Itu tadi selingan, kita lanjutkan 

Contoh Lain yang disederhanakan sesuai rumus:

-You would have worked …

-They would have driven home …

-She would have learned music …

Direct and Indirect  speech

When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes.  Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said.  Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past.  In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past.  If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense;  it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past. Verb tense changes also characterize other situations using indirect speech.  Note the changes shown in the chart and see the table below for examples.  With indirect speech, the use of that is optional.

Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
simple present He said, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	simple past He said (that) he went to school every day.
simple past  He said, “I went to school every day.”	Þ	past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present perfect  He said, “I have gone to school every day.”	Þ	past perfect  He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
present progressive He said, “I am going to school every day.”	Þ	past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day.
past progressive He said, “I was going to school every day.”	Þ	perfect progressive He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
future (will) He said, “I will go to school every day.”	Þ	would + verb name He said (that) he would go to school every day.
future (going to) He said, “I am going to school every day.”	Þ	present progressive He said (that) he is going to school every day.
		past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day
Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name He said, “Do you go to school every day?” He said, “Where do you go to school?”	Þ	simple past He asked me if I went to school every day.* He asked me where I went to school.
imperative He said, “Go to school every day.”	Þ	infinitive He said to go to school every day.

*Note than when a Yes/No question is being asked in direct speech,  then a construction with if or whetheris used. If a WH question is being asked,  then use the WH to introduce the clause. Also note that with indirect speech,  these are examples of embedded questions. The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very  to say is used.  In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same. Some examples of this  situation are given below.

Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	simple present + simple present He says (that) he goes to school every day.
present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	present perfect + simple present He has said (that) he goes to school every day.
past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school every day.”	Þ	past progressive + simple past He was saying (that) he went to school every day.
		past progressive + past perfect He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day.
future + simple present He will say, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	future + simple present He will say (that) he goes to school every day.

Another situation is the one in which modal constructions are used. If the verb said is used, then the form of the modal, or another modal that has a past meaning is used.

Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
can He said, “I can go to school every day.”	Þ	could He said (that) he could go to school every day.
may He said, “I may go to school every day.”	Þ	might He said (that) he might go to school every day.
might He said, “I might go to school every day.”
must He said, “I must go to school every day.”	Þ	had to He said (that) he had to go to school every day.
have to He said, “I have to go to school every day.”
should He said, “I should go to school every day.”	Þ	should He said (that) he should go to school every day.
ought to He said, “I ought to go to school every day.”	Þ	ought to He said (that) he ought to go to school every day.

While not all of the possibilities have been listed here, there are enough to  provide examples of the main rules governing the use of indirect or reported speech For other situations, try to extrapolate from the examples here, or better still,  refer to a good grammar text or reference book. Some other verbs that can be used to introduce direct speech are: ask, report, tell,  announce, suggest, and inquire. They are not used interchangeably;  check a grammar or usage book for further information.